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Burglary - Unlawful Entering

What is burglary? Although easily associated with theft, burglary can have different motives and is not in all cases the crime we think it is. Find out when it is not and which elements actually make up burglary as a crime.


Burglary is a crime that involves breaking into another person’s private property such as a house, school, place of worship, business place, motor vehicle, stable, garage, or air craft with the intention to commit a crime. Thus, burglary is also referred to as breaking and entering.

Burglary is often related to theft but can also relate to other crimes. However, lawful break-ins to a person’s property such as for the purpose of human and/or animal rescue, extinguishing fire, lawful searches, or police seizure and confiscation are not considered burglary.

Moreover, the act of breaking-in should be committed against the will of the property owner. So a locksmith who picks a door lock so the owner can enter his property is not a burglar. Also, an individual who takes shelter in another’s property during life-threatening situations cannot be considered a burglar as well.

Most jurisdictions in the US treat burglary as a felony that involves trespassing of private property. The intent of burglary is not necessarily theft, but vandalism, arson, kidnapping, rape, and even murder. As such, burglary can be more than just property crime.

As a common law violation though, burglary is defined as unlawful breaking into a house at night to commit theft. However, many jurisdictions already expanded this definition so as to include break-ins during the day and with the intent of committing felony.

Many states treat night-time burglary as a more serious crime. California for one, used to classify night-time burglary as first degree and day-time burglary as second degree.

However, new statutes now use the building type where the crime occurred as the basis for the gravity of the cases. Burglary of residential dwellings is treated as a more serious crime than burglary of other building types.

The elements for the crime of burglary include:

Trespassing – entering without permission and/or knowledge of the owner.
Mens Rea – the state of mind of the offender when the crime took place. It must be proven that the perpetrator broke in with the intent of committing theft or other types of felony.

Punishment for burglary can go up to 10 years imprisonment for non-dwelling properties and up to 14 years for dwelling properties.

For cases of aggravated burglary, a maximum penalty of life imprisonment can be imposed. Burglary becomes aggravated when the offender is proven to be in possession of, not necessarily used, a weapon of offense, a firearm (or even imitation firearm), and/or an explosive upon breaking into the property. 

Burglary - Dwindling Trends

While burglary continues to be rampant, studies show that the number of burglaries have been declining over the years. Also, the risk of a person being burglarized has been reduced to half since 1995.

Nevertheless, millions of burglaries happen every year and the yearly cases still tend to outnumber the estimated figure for that given year.

It should also be noted that the more populous regions of Southern US have the highest number of burglary offenses. Also, metropolitan areas have the highest burglary rates of all types of community accounting for more than 80% of total nationwide burglary cases.

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